MISCELLANEOUS

Blanchard, R. E. 1975. Development of a Selection Procedure for Marine Mammal Train- ers. NUC TP 490, 70 pp.
Describes a program of personnel research leading to a selection procedure for marine mammal trainers.
Bowers, C. A., and R. E. Austin. 1983. Capture, Transport, and Initial Adaptation of Beluga Whales. NOSC TR 811, 16 pp.
Describes techniques used in the capture, transport, and handling and feeding of six belugas, three captured in 1977 and three in 1980. The first three took over 3 months to complete adaptation. The second three, which benefited from tech- niques developed with the first group, reached the same stage in less than 2 months.
Puffed, D. A., S. H. Ridgway, and R. S. Sparkes. 1967. Cytogenetic Studies of Two Speces of Porpoise. Nature 213(5072):189-190.
The diploid chromosome number for a male and female Tursiops truncatus and for two males and one female Lagenorhynchus obliguidens was found to be 44. There were no obvious differences in the karyotypes of the two species.
Duffield, D. A., S. H. Ridgway, and L. H. Cornell. 1983. Hematalogy Distinguishes Coast and Offshore Forms of Dolphins (Tursiops). Can. Jour. Zool. 61:930-933.
Bottlenosed dolphins can be separated into coastal and offshore ecotypes based on hematologic values, the offshore forms having higher values. There appears to be a significant genetic basis for these differences.
Hall, J. D., W. G. Gilmartin, and J. L. Mattsson. 1971. Investigation of a Pacific Pilot Whale Stranding on San Clemente Island. Jour. Wildlife Diseases 7:324-327.
From a stranding of 28 pilot whales, information was obtained on their bacteriology, reproductive tissue, histopathology, liver mercury, and DDE levels. It was concluded that the stranding was a natural event, not precipitated by any pathological condi- tion.
IIerald, E. S. 1969. A Field and Aquarium Study of the Blind River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica). NUC TP 153, 62 pp.
Blind river dolphins ("susu") from the Indus River of Pakistan swim on their sides. Presumably this permits a lateral echolocation sweep of the bottom. Underwater sound emissions of pulse trains are produced continuously.

87

Irvine, B. 1970. An Inflatable Porpoise Pen. NUC TP 181, 10 pp.
An inflatable, readily portable porpoise pen was designed, constructed, and tested in the open sea.
Kulu, D. D., I. Veomett, and R. S. Sparkes. 1971. Cytagenetic Comparison of Four Spe- cles of Cetaceans. Jour. Mamm. 52(4):828-832.
The model chromosome number for the common dolphin, Amazon freshwater dol- phin, Dall's porpoise, and killer whale is 44, the same as that in other cetaceans examined, with the exception of the sperm whale, which has 42. Karyotypes of the killer and sperm whales are otherwise similar. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.
Leatherwood, J. S., W. E. Evans, and D. W. Rice. 1972. The Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises of the Eastern North Pacific: A Guide to Their Identification in the Water. NUC TP 282, 175 pp.
A key, with descriptions and illustrations, of cetaceans found in the eastern North Pacific Ocean.
Leatherwood, J. S., R. A. Johnson, D. K. Ljungblad, and W. E. Evans. 1977. Broadband Measurements of Underwater Acoustic Target Strengths of Panels of Tuna Nets. NOSC TR 126, 18 pp.
Target strengths of sample panels of tuna nets of three different mesh sizes were determined. All panels produced sufficiently strong returns to allow porpoises to detect them acoustically.
Leatherwood, J. S., and D. W. Beach. 1975. A California Gray Whale Calf (Eschrictius robustus) Bom Outside the Calving Lagoons. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. Bull. 74(1):45-46.
The birth of a living calf was observed off San Diego, far north of the lagoons where calving normally occurs.
Leatherwood, J. S., D. K. Caldwell, and H. E. Winn. 1976. Whales, Dolphins and Por- poises of the Western North Atlantic. NOAA TR NMFS Clrc-396, 1972 pp.
A field guide to permit identification of cetaceans seen in the western North Atlan- tic, including the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and coastal waters of the U.S. and Canada. Includes a key to aid in identification of stranded cetaceans, as well as appendices telling to whom to report data on live and dead cetaceans.
Nachtigall, P. E. 1990. Book Review: Biology of the Genus Cephalorhynchus. Aquatic Mammals, 16(3):92-95
Concludes the book is a major contribution.

88

Ridgway, S. H., H. J. Flanagan, and J. G. McCormick. 1966. Brain-spinal Cord Ratio in Porpoises: Possible Correlations with Intelligence and Ecology. Psychan. Sci., 6(11):491-492.
It has been suggested that brain weight-to-spinal cord weight ratios may provide a rough index of intelligence in vertebrate animals. This ratio in the bottlenosed por- poise average 40:1, as compared to the 50:1 ratio in man.
Ridgway, S. H. 1966. Dall Porpoise, Phocaenoides dalli (True): Observations in Captivity and At-Sea. Nonuegian Whaling Gazette, no. 5, pp. 97-120.
Describes the natural history, capture, recorded sounds, and anatomy of Dall's por- poises, three of which were maintained at the Navy's Marine Bioscience Facility for periods ranging from 26 days to 10 months. No members of this species had previ- ously survived in captivity.
Ridgway, S. H., and R. J. Harrison (eds.). 1981. Handbook ofMarine Mammals, vol. 1: The Walrus, Sea Lions, Fur Seals, and Sea Otter. xvi t236 pp. Academic Press, London.
Ridgway, S. H., and R. J. Harrison (eds.) 1981. Handbook of Marine Mammals, vol. 2: Seals. xiv +364 pp. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
Ridgway, S. H., and R. J. Harrison (eds.). 1985. Handbook ofMarine Mammals, vol. 3: The Sirenians and Baleen Whales. xv +362 pp. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
Ridgway S. H., and R. J. Harrison (eds.). 1989. Handbook of Marine Mammals, vol. 4: River Dolphins and Larger Toothed Whales. Academic Press, London.
In the above volumes, chapters on the various species include taxonomy, evolution, morphology and anatomy, abundance and life history, behavior, reproduction, and diseases. (Although not derived from the Navy's Marine Mammal Program, these works are included because senior editor Ridgway drew on the extensive knowledge gained from his participation in the Program since its inception.)
Ridgway, S. H., and C. C. Robison. 1985. Homing by Released Captive California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) Following Release on Distant Islands. Can. Jour. Zool. 63:2162-2164.
Three sea lions retumed to their pen in San Diego Bay after being released on San Clemente Island, about 115 km away. Two of four returned from San Nicholas Island, some 240 km away. Times for the fastest animals were 2 days and 4 days respectively.

89

Ridgway, S. H., and H. O. Porter. 1985. Biology of Navy Dolphins Tursiops (Abstract) Abstracts of the Sixth Biennial Conf. on the Biol. of Mar. Mammals, Soc. for Mar. Mamm., Vancouver, B. C., p. 3.
Abstract of presentation summarizing the kind of biological information that can be obtained from captive Tursiops.
Ridgway, S.H. 1987. The Dolphin Doctor. Yankee Books, pp. 160 hardcover; (1988) Faw- cett, New York, pp. 195 paperback.
Although not written as a scientific publication from the Navy Marine Mammal Program, this book documents the authors personal experiences in the early days of the program at Point Mugu, California. The author especially emphasizes his experi- ences with Tuffy, a dolphin that worked with the aquanauts in the Sea Lab II pro- gram in 1965.
Ridgway, S. H., and F. G. Wood. 1988. Cetacean Brain Evolution. Behav. and Brain Sci. 11(1):99-100.
Comment on review article. Presents facts on absolute and relative sizes of cetacean brains. Discusses evolutionary aspects of cetacean brain development and cites rele- vant literature.
Ridgway, S. H. 1989. Navy Marine Mammais. (Letters to the Editor) Science 243:875.
Science published (vol. 242, pp. 2503-1504) a news item containing some inaccurate statements concerning the Navy Marine Mammal Program and especially concerning the dolphins deployed to the Persian Gulf in 1987/2988. The author, through first- hand knowledge, corrects the inaccurate statements.
Squire, I. 1964. A Bibliography of Cetacea: Literature Published Between 1949 and 1963. NOTS TP 3686, 118 pp.
Steele, J. W. 1972. Marine Environment Cetacean Holding and Training Enclosures. NUC TP 227, 25 pp.
Describes construction details of three types of marine-holding facilities for cetace- ans: a permanent wood piling and galvanized-wire fencing enclosure, a permanent concrete-steel piling and fencing enclosure, and a floating pen supported by steel drums.
Wood, F. G. 1973. Marine Mammals and Man: The Navy's Porpoises and Sea Lions. R. B. Luce, Publishers, Washington, D.C. 264 pp.
A nontechnical account of the Navy's marine mammal program, with considerable background information on porpoises. Topics include capture and care, sonar, intel- ligence and communication, deep diving, hydrodynamics, and open ocean work.

90

Wood, F. G. 1979. The Cetacean Stranding Phenomenon: A Hypothesis. In: Biology of Marine MammaEs: Insights Through Strandings, pp. 129-188, eds. J. B. Geraci and D. J. St. Aubin, Report prepared for Marine Mammal Commission. Nat'l. Tech. Info. Serv. PB-293 890.
Discusses previous explanations of live strandings, presents stranding data, details circumstances of many strandings, and proposes that stranding may be attributed to a subcortical response to stress originating in amphibious ancestors and persisting to this day, despite its apparently maladaptive nature.
Wood, F. G. 1983. Annotated Bibliography of Publications from the U.S. Navy's Marine Mammal Program. NOSC TD 627, 49 pp.
Provides list of publications with short summary for each publication.
Wood, F. G. 1985. Annotated Bibliography of Publications from the U.S. Navy's Marine Mammal Program. NOSC TD 627, Revision A, 56 pp.
Provides updated list of publications since 1983 with short summary of each publica- tion.
Wood, F. G. 1987. Annotated Bibliography of Publications from the U.S. Navy's Marine Mammal Program. NOSC TD 627, Revision B, 60 pp.
Provides updated list of publications since 1985 with short summary of each publica- tlon.

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